Though the neighbourhood I live in has a myriad of choices for cafes aimed at foodies and left-leaning hipsters – replete with spreads of organic coffee, vegan cupcakes and gluten-free date squares – the place I was sitting in was rather nondescript. It was a bit west of the action, in Koreatown, and was decorated more like a cafeteria than downtown cafe. There were two types of coffee – regular and Irish Cream – and you could get very ordinary things like scrambled (battery) eggs on store bought bagels.
I sat there, with three screens spread out before me (laptop, ebook reader, smartphone), typing away. Something about how ordinary this place was helped me work.
Then, as I worked, my phone chimed its two-tone orchestral note, and I saw my mother had sent me an email. The subject line read “oh, we have to make these cookies”. In the email itself, there was a link and another line that read “well really, I mean that you have to make these cookies”. This is my life, perfectly encapsulated: in a cafe frequented by other harried students and writers too proud to work at a Starbucks, I write abstract ideas about the changing nature of the self and technology only to interrupted by an email from my mom linking me to a baking recipe.
Yeah, the recipe for ‘the One Cookie you Should Bake this Holiday‘ looked grand. But it was the comments underneath that caught my eye, because they seemed so strangely incongruous with a recipe for a Christmas cookie. One read “sugar is like a magnet for cancer”. Another re-did the recipe with unbleached flour and a list of organic ingredients, proclaiming ‘it would be healthy if…’.Yet more debated whether organic was really healthier, or if people shouldn’t even expect such a thing as a healthy cookie.
Call me nuts, but I thought this was interesting.
There’s something odd here, I think. People are struggling with their knowledge of something connected to ‘health’ and ‘nutrition’ and ‘science’. They’re concerned. They want to know what the best thing is to put in their bodies. We all do. We read nutrition labels and obsessively pore over every new study. In my case, I pay particular attention to the ones that say red wine is good for you.
But in at least a couple of ways, people are also working to perform their knowledge: first, to display a command of the contemporary by expressing what they know about ‘food’, in the way some might have once had an encyclopedic knowledge of music or an understanding of economics; and secondly, to express resistance to what they perceive as a broad historical, industrial trend that has corrupted our relationship to food, nutrition and health, taking it away from the natural and organic and substituting economic concerns for those of health and happiness.
These people are what we can safely call foodies.
And as I’ve pontificated before in 140 characters or less, while what I call ‘food nerds’ are people into the culinary arts, foodies are much more. They are, among other things, concerned with the connection between the production and consumption of food and the more general ills of late-capitalism. Food nerds like cooking; foodies like understanding why they should be cooking with organic, locally-sourced vegetables.
At times, this is about the the personal political: the small choices we make in consumption and behaviour that mark out a kind of political choice in how we engage with the world. At others, however, it turns into a game of one-upmanship, peer-pressure and self-righteousness, those bugbears that have always been the dark, rotting underbelly of the left. Food becomes another kind of marker of an activist consciousness, in part, perhaps, because it is one that can be performed through consumption. There is no better anti-capitalism than the one you can display through purchasing.
It’s an idea that Peter Meehan takes up in T Magazine. There he writes about what happens when an activist awakening reaches a kind of tipping point, and instead of being a political movement, a situation arises in which one’s capacity to perform one’s mastery of a certain kind of knowledge becomes a kind of currency within a given culture or subculture.
Meehan illustrates the downside through a couple of anecdotal examples in which he or others are chastised or treated with condescension for the choices they make concerning food. The problem?
And I’m left to wonder: Is all this righteousness going in the right direction? Or will the snake eventually eat its own tail? What originally drew me to so many of these better-practice/better-flavor foodstuffs was the joy, the passion behind them. What I’m worried about is that as the food thing gets trendier and trendier, at some point the know-it-alls will scare off the casually interested. Maybe even their fellow foot soldiers. Is that sustainable?
This is the sneaking problem. Health and nutrition as discourses of knowledge have turned into markers of class and social currency, and the divisions those categories foster are reproduced through a discourse of ‘health’. Those who know behave responsibly; those who don’t betray the world and themselves.
I think there’s a really important think piece waiting to be written on this phenomenon. But more than just poking a bit at foodies a little too much into local and organic, the idea of how particular assertions of knowledge can galvanize people against your viewpoint, regardless of its veracity or defensibility is, I think, one of key issues of our time. Left-right divides, Islamist terrorism, race relations, or even the gay marriage debate in the US – all of these engender dynamics of either moral righteousness or superciliousness on both sides that potentially aggravate rather than ameliorate the conditions for a kind of resolution or acceptance. When you are told consistently that your political viewpoint is the product of ignorance, you are not exactly chomping at the bit to switch sides.
Food is a locus for an incredibly complex network of late-capitalist relations. Projects like Foodprint are working hard to understand how it all works and how we might work to change it. But it seems there’s at least some risk that ethical eating may become another instance in which ethics is co-opted by a need to perform the appearance of ethics, and your ‘foodprint’ will be another way in which you are judged according to a coercive norm not equally accessible to all.
* * *
If you ever come over – and if you’re a regular reader of this blog, you might have done so or might do so in the future – what I cook for you will, I’d like to think, be hearty and tasty, and will probably prepared with a fastidious care bordering on the obsessive.
But it may not be made from organic produce; and some of it may have even traveled here from California. It’s not because I don’t care. It’s that, presented with a set of largely material constraints, I’d make a decision that on that night – in the low light, in the haze of red wine, quiet, sparkling music, and soft murmurs between friends – I’d want to insist on a moment of aesthetic pleasure, even if our mutual politics had, for various reasons, to fall by the wayside. And maybe that won’t be so bad, because it’ll be an exception to the rule. It’ll just be a night, where we’ll sit lethargically after eating a touch too much, so that the next day as we wander down Bloor, we have the happiness, hope and resolve to – oh, I don’t know – maybe pop into a cafe full of reclaimed wood and order an organic, fair-trade coffee and a locally sourced vegan cupcake.

#1 by Melissa on November 28, 2010 - 11:05 am
I’m going to print this and put it somewhere in the apartment so that in five years, wherever I’ve ended up in the world of food, I can look at it and see where I’ve ended up in the scale of food nerd–foodie–food evangelist. I hope I stay more nerd than otherwise.
#2 by Jennifer on November 28, 2010 - 5:05 pm
Oh Nav, you just hit on one of my biggest struggles with my blog. I don’t want to talk down to people; I want to empower them. And I also don’t want to end up sounding like some shrill crazy WAPF chapter leader, either. (DM me for an example.)
Am I a foodie? Is that a bad thing? Do I have time to be thinking about this when I should be upstairs making food from scratch?
#3 by Amanda French on November 28, 2010 - 8:56 pm
Interesting article. I especially like “Food becomes another kind of marker of an activist consciousness, in part, perhaps, because it is one that can be performed through consumption.” Not to quibble, but I will say that I think of “foodie” as a mere synonym for “gourmand,” someone who might well insist that the palatable is not in fact political. But I admit I don’t know what else to call the immediately recognizable Michael Pollanesque food activist you describe here.
#4 by Matt on November 28, 2010 - 10:26 pm
Are you suggesting that there are still people baking cupcakes with butter and eggs? From animals?
#5 by Matt on November 28, 2010 - 10:45 pm
More seriously, I’m a bit confused by this post. I agree that food ethics will become “another way in which you are judged according to a coercive norm not equally accessible to all” (although I think this should probably be present rather than future tense). After all, how is it that these identities (foodie, food nerd) exist if not as some kind of performance of possible relationships to food? Why not simply label a person a cook, or an excellent cook? My grandma made delicious butter tarts and probably liked supporting a local milk guy (even if there was no other option), but that made her neither food nerd nor foodie.
And you’re right of course that this is because “food is a locus for an incredibly complex network of late-capitalist relations.” And it’s a kind of consumption that is especially hard to opt out of, since for most people eating is correlates directly to survival. I have a friend doing dissertation work at York on freegans, freegans whose food choices are linked explicitly to anti-capitalist anarchism. These tactics point, to me, to the fact that food is an crucial site for political and ethical action.
It speaks to the extent of fetishism in our society that the drive to know where our food comes from becomes a marker for identity and identificatory ethics. To prefer not to participate in factory farming is to be a vegan, is to be radical. Avoiding corn products and simple, refined sugars is to be Pollanesque; eating “[unprocessed] food, not too much, mostly plants” is to be Bittmanesque; any of these makes a person a foodie. The backlash to this politicizing of food has been just as strong, of course, so that a person who votes for Ford reads books about Steak and eats KFC double-down sandwiches with as much pride as I batter marinated tempeh with crushed pecans and seasoned cornmeal (served with a basil and chipotle raspberry sauce).
I guess I’m simply with you when you blame capitalism, but also not sure what the alternative to living as ethically as possible is (you know, under capitalism). I’m not sure if this comment made any sense out of the issue.
#6 by Nav on November 29, 2010 - 12:44 am
Thanks for the comments, everyone!
So, I guess my basic point here was not to condemn foodies. In fact, I think that was the opposite of what I intended. I just wanted to suggest that I agree with a basic idea about food – that it’s connected to this broad range of economic and social concerns that connect personal action and political ideas, while also being this sensual, aesthetic, sometimes fetishstic thing – but that sometimes these ideas get expressed in a manner that effaces the speaker’s connection to privilege etc. But I was sorta’ hoping to do so in a way that wasn’t accusatory. That’s where the weird last couple of paragraphs came from. It was my way of saying “yeah, I know, this is serious shit, but for tonight let’s sit back, get loaded and not think about it too much”.
In my own mind, as someone a little obsessed with food, I’ve invented the term ‘food nerd’ because I don’t like the occasional condescension that creeps into ‘foodie’ discussions. Like any label, though, it falls apart and is likely as much about a trite attempt at self-definition on my part as it is anything else.
But was this an attempt to say “man, you foodies need to shut up, all this organic, local shit makes no difference”? No, not at all.
#7 by Nav on November 29, 2010 - 12:50 am
Oh the other big thing for me is about how the rhetoric used to express a particular sort of political belief seems to produce its own political effects. Tell a few hundred thousand Rob Ford voters (or a few million Tea Partiers) that they’re ignorant or ill-informed, and it galvanizes and reinforces the oppositional dichotomy at work. That it may, in some technical sense, be ‘true’ is, I think, only half of the equation, especially if that equation includes how ideologies are reproduced through the ongoing circulation of public discourse.
How one gets around that, I’m not sure, but it seems that condescension certainly doesn’t help anything.
#8 by Alexander Arvelo McQuaig on November 29, 2010 - 3:41 am
Thank you for writing this. I’ve been thinking a lot lately about the ethics of epicureanism and the idea of ethics being inaccessible. There are (thus) several issues I have with what you’ve written.
One of my main concerns of late is the way that ethical actions are so often dismissed as ostentation, which really bothers me. I feel like the last thing we should be impugning is the motives of ethical actions. There are so many quotidian behaviours that don’t involve any consideration at all and are deleterious that, when someone’s actions are ostensibly making the world a better place, it should be respected. There almost (give or take) seems to be as much criticism directed at ethical consumption as there is directed at unethical consumption. Considering how problematic and destructive our dominant food culture/practices are, the rare subculture/effort/movement that seeks to mitigate it deserves more praise than scorn.
To be precise, you often seem to equate epicureanism with ostentation. You mention “writers too proud to work at a Starbucks,” as though the only reason to eschew Starbucks (or other huge chain food sources) is the cultural capital it affords one. The eschewal of places like Starbucks for ethical reasons is so absurdly rare, so niche, that it needs to be encouraged as much as possible, not reduced to ostentation. Also, who on earth is being impressed by these ostentatiously ethical acts? I can’t fathom how eschewing Starbucks would possibly be more socially consonant than patronising such places (along with the vast majority of people). Why is the person who eschews Starbucks – thus doing something that most people don’t care about or consider pointless, stupid, or snobbish – considered a snob? Are the countless people who go to Starbucks, then, humble, since their behaviour is accepted by most? Isn’t the latter more socially consonant? I mean, I just can’t imagine where the audience is that is impressed by these putatively ostentatious ethical acts, especially compared to the relatively enormous social benefits accrued to those who do not perform such ethical acts/distinctions.
Concerning what Mr Meehan says, I can’t relate at all with his experience of epicurean condescension and criticism. In my experience, even though my friends are almost exclusively progressive/ethically-active people, the dominant food discourse/practices involve little other than maintaining vegetarianism and not patronising the most conspicuously egregious fast-food chains. And if the issue you (and Mr Meehan) have is that epicurean discourse inspires guilt in those who pursue less ethical/considerate food practices, why is this a problem? Why should people feel perfectly happy with themselves no matter what they do, no matter the effect on others? Why shouldn’t there be some degree of congratulation bestowed on those who make an effort to be ethical, and some guilt derived from eating inconsiderately? If someone can make the world a less-bad place through her consumption, she should feel bad if she doesn’t and good if she does. Being unethical shouldn’t be regarded as having equal merit to being ethical.
Also, you seem to suggest that right-wing/anti-knowledge backlashes (such as Mr Ford’s election) are justified: “When you are told consistently that your political viewpoint is the product of ignorance, you are not exactly chomping at the bit to switch sides.” It may be true that hearing one’s kneejerk, “common sense” beliefs/practices attributed to ignorance elicits recalcitrant responses. But the problem with this phenomenon is people’s obstinate unwillingness to reevaluate their beliefs and be self-critical, not the progressive appeal to knowledge in arguments. That is, reactionary people need to (should) be less recalcitrant and myopic – and more willing to consider the distant consequences of their acts – rather than progressive people appealing less to knowledge.
Lastly, you worry that “your ‘foodprint’ will be another way in which you are judged according to a coercive norm not equally accessible to all.” I had an argument with a friend recently in which he criticised epicurean dining for being “classist” and “privileged” due to being less affordable. This idea that being ethical should be – and is usually – equally accessible to all is incredibly bizarre to me. A huge part of ethics involves self-sacrifice and commitment, suppressing one’s own immediate pleasure for others. Is it not completely contiguous and understandable, then, that being more affluent allows one to sacrifice more and commit more to making the world better? Almost any action imaginable is more accessible to people with more money and privilege; why on earth would ethical behaviours be any different? Obviously, someone who has more money, more leisure time, education, etc. is way more capable of doing charitable acts and making discriminately-ethical purchases. Someone who is poor and working a lot clearly is less capable of such self-sacrifice, and her patronisation of less ethical (and more convenient) food sources is completely understandable in that circumstance. There’s nothing peculiar about this class difference; it’s the same with almost any other act and in any other ethical sphere. Also, better treatment of animals, better/less-environmentally harmful ingredients, etc. are, inevitably, all more expensive; the whole reason that our dominant food sources/culture is so deleterious is that so many corners have been cut in the pursuit of disingenuously low costs. Obviously, food that is more ethically and considerately produced is going to cost more than food that is produced perfunctorily for cheapness and convenience.
The way I see it, the message of ethical discourse like that of (ethical) epicureanism is that, if you CAN do better, do better. I don’t think any epicurean is yelling at homeless people not to eat McDonald’s.
#9 by Nav on December 5, 2010 - 7:41 pm
Sorry for the delay, Arvelo. Appreciate the thoughtful, smart comment.
I think you’ve hit on some key ideas, particularly in your assertion that privilege and ethical behaviour are inherently linked. That’s something I missed, and is an important part of the discourse.
And generally, I think we agree on a main idea: choosing food responsibly is important because of the myriad ways it’s connected to issues concerning sustainability, the environment, urbanism and a slew of other issues. I’m certainly not trying to say those are bad things at all.
Quite to the contrary, what I’m concerned with is how to further those ideas. And this is where we disagree.
Here’s what you said:
“But the problem with this phenomenon is people’s obstinate unwillingness to reevaluate their beliefs and be self-critical, not the progressive appeal to knowledge in arguments. That is, reactionary people need to (should) be less recalcitrant and myopic – and more willing to consider the distant consequences of their acts – rather than progressive people appealing less to knowledge.”
On a plain, ‘objective’ level, yeah, sure. Of course the world would be better if everyone acted in a way that took into account the individual and aggregated effect of those actions.
But the point I keep repeating over and over and over is this: rhetoric that lays claim to not only the truth, but also the moral high ground produces its own reactive political effects. If one’s aim is, for example, the spread of environmentally-friendly food practices (or the election of someone other than Rob Ford), articulating one’s disagreement with an opposing view as ‘recalcitrant’ and ‘myopic’ works against that aim. Whether that’s good or right or ideal seems beside the point; if you want to ameliorate the world, you have to take responsibility for the effect of your political rhetoric on politics itself.
In some way, what I’m saying is something as completely simplistic as “you catch more flies with honey than vinegar”.
But in another way, I’m deeply troubled by a kind of progressive politics that seeks to articulate a vision of objective truth as if it were equally available to all. A question that arises is where responsibility lies, for example, for educating the public about the gross, blatant flaws in Rob Ford’s transit plan.
That’s a complex question that I don’t have an answer to. I am, however, pretty sure that calling people stupid – when they are acting in their own interests – isn’t the way to go about things even if they are being stupid .
Progressive politics is (loosely) based on the idea that material circumstances produce people’s interests. We have to acknowledge that the two-car-owning family in North Etobicoke is not going to be gung-ho for bike lanes, LRTs and increased environmental protection unless they have a clear message about why those things are good.
Yes, it’s true that in 2010 we may be talking about a kind of ideological impasse in which two competing visions of the contemporary city not only work in opposition, but are both subject to a kind of discursive sublation in which one ‘fact’ becomes another’s spin.
But at the end of the day, it boils down to this:
I am surrounded by left-leaning, progressive, bookish, downtown, bike-riding, organic-buying, TTC riding folk. And the majority of conversations I have (with these people who I genuinely adore) are just like this one – drenched in disdain and anger for those ‘out there’, those “who are not like us”, “those who are too oblivious and caught up with their Jersey Shore to care about the world”. But that apathy is itself a function of late capitalist processes; it is exactly the fragmentation and psychological functioning of contemporary economic-cultural systems that makes people not care. And to condemn the ‘great unwashed’ for not caring about ‘the right issues’ seems a self-defeating process: progressives yell and scream about those lame, regular people, and the middle class responds by digging in their heels, getting in their cars and driving to Walmart.
Ideological alignment is, at the end of the day, not about choosing what’s best; it’s about choosing what’s best for me. It also works in large part through a kind of oppositional identification – and the supercilious rhetoric of those with progressive politics actually works against the furthering of those politics because it encourages those with opposing views to galvanise around them.
I’m sorry if any of this has come off as angry, but I feel pretty strongly about this. At the end of the day, you either respect people and their situations or you don’t. And if you don’t, you can’t cry when no-one listens to you.